Meaning: Herman Melville, an American novelist and author of the classic novel "Moby-Dick," made the statement, "There are hardly five critics in America; and several of them are asleep." This quote is a reflection on the scarcity and, perhaps, the perceived lack of quality in literary critics in America during Melville's time. It speaks to the idea that there are very few individuals who are genuinely engaged in the critical analysis and evaluation of literature, and even among those few, some may not be fully attentive or actively participating in the critical discourse.

Melville's statement is both a critique of the state of literary criticism in the United States and a commentary on the role and influence of critics in shaping public opinion and understanding of literature. It suggests that the limited number of critics and their potential lack of engagement may have implications for the reception and interpretation of literary works.

In the context of Melville's own experiences as a writer, this quote may reflect his frustration with the critical reception of his own works. Despite being considered one of the greatest American writers today, Melville's literary reputation during his lifetime was mixed, and he faced challenges in gaining widespread critical acclaim and commercial success.

The quote also raises broader questions about the nature and significance of literary criticism. It prompts consideration of the responsibilities and impact of critics in shaping literary culture, as well as the potential consequences of a lack of active and discerning critical voices.

In contemporary times, the quote can still be thought-provoking. It invites reflection on the current state of literary criticism and the role of critics in an age of rapidly evolving media and communication. With the proliferation of online platforms and social media, the landscape of literary criticism has expanded, allowing for a more diverse range of voices to participate in critical conversations. However, this also raises questions about the quality, depth, and impact of criticism in an era of information overload and instant opinions.

Melville's quote can serve as a catalyst for discussions about the value of literary criticism and the need for critical engagement with literature. It urges us to consider how the scarcity and quality of critics can shape our understanding and appreciation of literary works, as well as the broader cultural and intellectual significance of critical discourse.

Ultimately, Melville's quote challenges us to reflect on the role of critics in shaping the literary landscape, prompting us to consider the importance of active, insightful, and diverse critical voices in fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of literature. It encourages us to recognize the power and influence of critics in shaping public perceptions and interpretations of literary works, and to consider the implications of a scarcity of engaged and discerning critical perspectives.

In conclusion, Herman Melville's quote, "There are hardly five critics in America; and several of them are asleep," offers a thought-provoking commentary on the state of literary criticism and the role of critics in shaping our understanding and appreciation of literature. It raises important questions about the scarcity and quality of critical voices, urging us to consider the impact of critics on literary culture and the broader intellectual discourse.