Meaning: The quote "He who attends to his greater self becomes a great man, and he who attends to his smaller self becomes a small man" is attributed to Mencius, a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States period (c. 372 – 289 BC). Mencius, also known as Mengzi, is considered one of the most important Confucian philosophers, and his teachings have had a profound influence on Chinese thought and culture.

This quote encapsulates a central theme in Mencius's philosophy, which emphasizes the cultivation of one's moral character and the pursuit of self-improvement. Mencius believed that human nature is inherently good, and that individuals have the capacity to develop their moral qualities and achieve greatness through self-cultivation.

When Mencius speaks of attending to one's "greater self," he is referring to the pursuit of virtues such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and sincerity – all of which are fundamental to Confucian ethics. By focusing on these higher virtues and striving to embody them in one's thoughts and actions, an individual can elevate themselves and become a "great man" in the moral and ethical sense.

Conversely, attending to one's "smaller self" signifies a preoccupation with selfish desires, petty concerns, and base instincts. Mencius warns that those who become fixated on their lower, selfish impulses will inevitably diminish themselves and become "small men" in the moral and ethical sense.

Mencius's teachings on self-cultivation and moral development are deeply rooted in the Confucian tradition, which places a strong emphasis on the importance of personal virtue and ethical conduct. According to Mencius, the process of self-cultivation involves nurturing one's innate moral inclinations, refining one's character, and striving to become a morally exemplary person.

In Mencius's view, the pursuit of greatness is not limited to external achievements or social status, but rather centers on the inner transformation of the individual. By attending to one's greater self and cultivating virtues such as kindness, integrity, and wisdom, a person can contribute to the harmony and well-being of society as a whole.

Mencius's teachings have had a lasting impact on Chinese philosophy and have been influential in shaping moral and ethical thought in East Asia. His emphasis on the potential for moral self-improvement and the pursuit of ethical excellence continues to resonate with people seeking personal and societal betterment.

In summary, Mencius's quote "He who attends to his greater self becomes a great man, and he who attends to his smaller self becomes a small man" reflects his emphasis on the importance of self-cultivation, moral development, and the pursuit of virtues in achieving greatness. It serves as a timeless reminder of the transformative power of ethical self-improvement and the enduring relevance of Confucian ideals in the pursuit of a virtuous life.