Meaning: The quote "What makes literature interesting is that it does not survive its translation. The characters in a novel are made out of the sentences. That's what their substance is." by Jonathan Miller, a renowned entertainer, encapsulates the complexity and depth of literature and translation. In this quote, Miller draws attention to the intricacies of literature and the challenges of translating its essence across languages and cultures.

Literature, in its original form, holds a unique power and significance that can be difficult to capture fully in translation. When a work of literature is translated, it undergoes a transformation that can alter its essence, tone, and cultural nuances. Despite the best efforts of translators, certain elements of the original text may be lost or altered in the process. This can result in a divergence from the author's intended meaning and the unique qualities that made the work compelling in its original language.

Miller's assertion that "the characters in a novel are made out of the sentences" underscores the idea that the language and construction of a literary work are fundamental to the portrayal of its characters and their development. Each sentence contributes to the portrayal of characters, their actions, emotions, and interactions within the narrative. The translation of these sentences requires a deep understanding of the original language and context to effectively convey the intricacies of the characters and their development.

Literary translation is a complex art that involves not only linguistic proficiency but also a deep understanding of cultural nuances, historical contexts, and the author's unique style. Translators are tasked with preserving the essence of the original work while adapting it to a different linguistic and cultural framework. This process requires a delicate balance between fidelity to the original text and the need to make the work accessible and resonant to a new audience.

The challenges of literary translation are multifaceted. Beyond linguistic differences, cultural variations and historical references can pose significant obstacles to conveying the richness of a work in translation. The translator must navigate these complexities while maintaining the integrity of the characters, plot, and themes that define the original work.

Furthermore, the inherent subjectivity of interpretation adds another layer of complexity to the translation process. Each reader brings their own experiences, perspectives, and cultural background to their understanding of a literary work. When a work is translated, these subjective elements can influence the way the text is received and understood, further complicating the task of the translator in capturing the essence of the original work.

In conclusion, Jonathan Miller's quote highlights the intricate relationship between literature and translation, emphasizing the challenge of preserving the substance and depth of a work across linguistic and cultural boundaries. The characters in a novel, as shaped by the sentences, represent the intricate web of language, culture, and storytelling that makes literature a rich and multifaceted art form. The quote serves as a reminder of the complexities inherent in literary translation and the ongoing quest to capture the essence of a work while navigating the complexities of language and culture.