Meaning: This quote by Benito Mussolini encapsulates his belief in the central role of the State in shaping the values and identity of its citizens. Mussolini, an Italian politician and leader of the National Fascist Party, held a totalitarian view of the State as the ultimate authority and organizer of society. His words reflect the fascist ideology that emphasizes the subordination of individual interests to the collective good, with the State serving as the arbiter and enforcer of this principle.

Mussolini's assertion that "It is the State which educates its citizens in civic virtue" underscores the belief that the State has a fundamental responsibility in molding the moral and ethical character of its people. In the fascist ideology, the State is envisioned as the embodiment of the nation and its values, and thus, it is entrusted with the task of instilling a sense of civic duty and virtue in the populace. This notion aligns with the concept of authoritarianism, where the State assumes the role of a paternalistic guardian, guiding and shaping the attitudes and behaviors of its citizens.

Furthermore, Mussolini's statement that the State "gives them a consciousness of their mission" reflects the idea that the State plays a pivotal role in defining the collective purpose and destiny of the nation. In the fascist framework, the State is perceived as the custodian of a grand vision for society, and it endeavors to imbue its citizens with a sense of duty and allegiance to this overarching mission. This concept underscores the emphasis on unity and collective identity, as the State seeks to align the aspirations and efforts of individuals with the broader objectives of the nation.

Mussolini's assertion that the State "welds them into unity" epitomizes the fascist ideal of a cohesive and harmonious society, where individual interests are subsumed under the unified purpose of the State. In the fascist worldview, unity is a cornerstone of strength and progress, and the State is regarded as the architect of this unity, fostering a sense of common purpose and solidarity among the citizenry. This emphasis on unity also reflects a rejection of pluralism and individual autonomy, as the State aspires to consolidate and centralize power in pursuit of its vision for the nation.

It is important to note that Mussolini's views on the role of the State in shaping citizens' values and identity are deeply intertwined with the authoritarian and totalitarian nature of fascist ideology. The subjugation of individual autonomy to the authority of the State, the glorification of national unity and collective purpose, and the propagation of a specific set of values and virtues are all hallmarks of fascist governance.

In conclusion, Mussolini's quote encapsulates the fascist perspective on the centrality of the State in molding the character and consciousness of its citizens. It reflects the authoritarian ethos that underpins fascist ideology, emphasizing the State's role as the educator, unifier, and arbiter of national identity and purpose. Understanding this quote provides insight into the principles and values that underpinned Mussolini's fascist regime and its approach to governance and societal organization.