Meaning: The quote "There is such a thing as legitimate warfare: war has its laws; there are things which may fairly be done, and things which may not be done." by John Henry Newman, a prominent 19th-century clergyman, author, and theologian, touches on the complex and often contentious issue of the morality and legality of warfare. Newman's statement highlights the idea that while warfare is a reality, it is not a lawless endeavor, and there are moral and legal principles that should guide the conduct of war.

The concept of legitimate warfare has been a subject of debate and reflection throughout human history. It encompasses the rules and principles that govern the conduct of armed conflict, aiming to mitigate its destructive impact and protect civilians and combatants alike. This idea is closely related to the notion of just war theory, a doctrine that seeks to provide ethical guidelines for engaging in warfare.

Newman's assertion that "war has its laws" underscores the existence of internationally recognized legal frameworks that regulate armed conflict. These laws include the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols, which set out rules for the protection of victims of armed conflicts, including civilians, prisoners of war, and the sick and wounded. The laws of war also encompass principles such as distinction, proportionality, and the prohibition of certain weapons and tactics.

Moreover, Newman's statement alludes to the notion that there are "things which may fairly be done" in the context of warfare. This suggests that while the nature of war involves violence and conflict, there are actions that can be justified within the confines of ethical and legal norms. This could include acts of self-defense, the protection of civilians, and the adherence to internationally recognized rules of engagement.

Conversely, Newman emphasizes that there are "things which may not be done" in the context of warfare. This reflects the recognition of certain acts as inherently unjust or illegal, such as targeting non-combatants, using disproportionate force, and employing tactics that cause unnecessary suffering or damage to the environment.

The quote by John Henry Newman provokes contemplation on the ethical complexities of warfare and the imperative of upholding moral and legal standards in times of conflict. It invites individuals and societies to grapple with the profound moral dilemmas posed by armed conflict and to strive for the adherence to principles that mitigate its devastating impact.

In conclusion, John Henry Newman's quote encapsulates the nuanced understanding of warfare as a phenomenon governed by laws and moral principles. It prompts reflection on the ethical and legal dimensions of armed conflict and underscores the imperative of upholding standards that mitigate its destructive consequences. Newman's words resonate with the ongoing efforts to reconcile the reality of warfare with the dictates of morality and justice, offering a compelling perspective on the enduring quest for a more humane and principled approach to conflict.