Meaning: The quote in question is often attributed to Joshua Norton, a well-known figure in San Francisco during the mid-19th century. Norton declared himself "Emperor of the United States" and "Protector of Mexico" in 1859, and over time, he became a beloved and eccentric character in the city. He issued various proclamations and decrees during his self-proclaimed reign, some of which were quite unusual.

The quote appears to be a message from Norton to Mr. Seward, referring to the desire for a particular course of action regarding Maximilian, who was the Archduke of Austria and briefly ruled as Emperor of Mexico from 1864 to 1867. The quote suggests Norton's intent that if Maximilian were to surrender, he should be sent as a prisoner of war, but if he were to continue the war or refuse to surrender, then he should be shot.

It's important to note that while Norton was indeed a colorful and influential character in San Francisco, there is some debate about the authenticity of this specific quote. Some historians argue that it may be apocryphal or inaccurately attributed to Norton, while others contend that it accurately reflects his style of proclamation and communication.

If the quote is indeed genuine, it offers a fascinating glimpse into the mindset of Norton and the political climate of the time. It reflects the tumultuous period of Mexican history during the mid-19th century when foreign intervention and imperial ambitions intersected with the struggles of the Mexican people for independence and self-determination.

Maximilian's rule in Mexico was controversial and ultimately short-lived. He was installed as Emperor by French forces under the regime of Napoleon III, and his reign was marked by resistance from Mexican nationalists loyal to the ousted President Benito Juárez. The quote attributed to Norton may reflect the prevailing sentiment of the time, with various factions advocating for different outcomes regarding Maximilian's fate.

The notion of sending Maximilian as a prisoner of war if he were to surrender aligns with the conventions of international conflict and the treatment of captured leaders. However, the stark alternative of execution if he were to continue the war or refuse to surrender underscores the high stakes and uncompromising attitudes prevalent in the geopolitical landscape of the era.

Norton's purported involvement in such a matter, if genuine, sheds light on his perceived influence and connections within the power structures of the time. Despite his self-proclaimed royal titles being largely symbolic and farcical, the quote suggests that he may have sought to exert influence on significant international affairs, at least in his own imagination or in the eyes of those who corresponded with him.

In conclusion, the quote attributed to Joshua Norton regarding Maximilian's fate offers a thought-provoking glimpse into the historical context of mid-19th century San Francisco and the broader geopolitical dynamics of the era. Whether or not it accurately represents Norton's actual words or intentions, it serves as a compelling entry point for exploring the interplay of power, politics, and individual agency in a pivotal period of Mexican and international history.