Meaning: This quote is taken from the book "The Oregon Trail" by Francis Parkman, which was published in 1849. In this quote, Parkman describes the transportation arrangement for his expedition, as he and three other men set out on a journey across the American frontier. The use of spare horses and an additional mule reflects the practical and cautious approach taken by the travelers, as they sought to ensure they had the necessary resources to overcome any potential challenges or setbacks along the way.

Parkman's account of his journey along the Oregon Trail is a classic work of American frontier literature, offering a firsthand perspective on the hardships, dangers, and adventures faced by pioneers as they ventured westward in search of new opportunities and a better life. The quote encapsulates the resourcefulness and adaptability required for such expeditions, as well as the importance of careful planning and preparation.

The reference to "eight animals" highlights the reliance on horses and mules as essential means of transportation and support for the travelers. The spare horses led by Shaw and Parkman, along with the additional mule, served as a form of insurance against the uncertainties of the journey, providing a backup in case any of the animals were injured, fatigued, or lost. This strategic approach reflects the practical mindset of the men, as they recognized the need to be prepared for various contingencies in the rugged and unpredictable environment they were traversing.

The use of animals as a primary mode of transportation was a defining feature of westward expansion in the 19th century, as settlers and explorers relied on horses, mules, and oxen to transport themselves, their supplies, and their goods across vast distances and challenging terrain. The quote underscores the significance of these animals as indispensable companions and assets for those undertaking arduous journeys through untamed wilderness and across rugged landscapes.

In addition to its practical implications, the quote also conveys a sense of camaraderie and cooperation among the travelers. The fact that the animals were shared among the group reflects a spirit of mutual reliance and support, as the men worked together to ensure the success and safety of their expedition. The presence of the spare mule as a reserve in case of accident demonstrates a prudent approach to risk management, as the travelers sought to mitigate the potential impact of unforeseen events on their progress.

Overall, this quote from "The Oregon Trail" by Francis Parkman offers a glimpse into the challenges and considerations faced by pioneers and explorers during the westward expansion of the United States. It illuminates the practicalities of travel and transportation in a time when reliance on animals was fundamental, and it underscores the importance of foresight, preparedness, and cooperation in the pursuit of ambitious endeavors amidst the rugged and unforgiving frontier.

In conclusion, Parkman's quote serves as a reminder of the resourcefulness and resilience required for those who ventured into the unknown expanses of the American West, as well as the enduring legacy of their pioneering spirit in shaping the history and character of the nation.