Meaning: This quote by William Petty, a renowned economist, reflects his perspective on the importance of labor in generating wealth and the interconnectedness of the state, its citizens, and the economy. Petty's ideas were influential in shaping economic thought during the 17th century and continue to resonate in contemporary discussions about labor, wealth, and the role of the state.

Petty's assertion that "labor is the Father and active principle of wealth, as lands are the Mother" encapsulates his belief in the central role of labor in the creation of wealth. In Petty's view, the productive efforts of individuals, represented by labor, are the driving force behind the accumulation of wealth. This aligns with classical economic theories that emphasize the significance of human capital and labor as essential components of economic production and growth.

Furthermore, Petty's analogy of labor as the "Father" and lands as the "Mother" underscores the symbiotic relationship between human effort and natural resources in the generation of wealth. While labor represents the active and transformative element in the process of wealth creation, lands symbolize the foundational and nurturing aspect, highlighting the importance of resources in supporting productive activities.

The latter part of the quote, "that the state by killing, mutilating, or imprisoning their members do withal punish themselves," delves into the consequences of the state's treatment of its citizens. Petty argues that actions taken by the state, such as harming or incarcerating its own citizens, ultimately result in self-inflicted harm for the state itself. This reflects Petty's understanding of the interconnectedness between the state and its populace, and how the well-being of the state is intricately linked to the welfare and productivity of its citizens.

In essence, Petty's quote encapsulates key principles of economic thought, emphasizing the pivotal role of labor in wealth creation and the interdependence between the state and its citizens. His ideas have contributed to the development of economic theories regarding labor, wealth, and the relationship between individuals and the state.

William Petty's work laid the groundwork for subsequent economic thinkers and significantly influenced the evolution of economic thought. His emphasis on the importance of labor as the primary driver of wealth aligns with the labor theory of value, which posits that the value of a good or service is derived from the labor required to produce it. This concept has been debated and expanded upon by economists throughout history, including Adam Smith, Karl Marx, and other prominent figures in the field.

Moreover, Petty's insights into the repercussions of the state's treatment of its citizens have implications for governance and public policy. His perspective underscores the idea that the well-being and productivity of the population directly impact the prosperity and stability of the state. This notion has informed discussions on social welfare, labor rights, and the responsibilities of governments to ensure the welfare of their citizens.

In conclusion, William Petty's quote encapsulates his profound understanding of the intrinsic connection between labor, wealth, and the state. His insights continue to be relevant in contemporary economic discourse, shedding light on the enduring significance of labor as the foundation of wealth and the essential relationship between the state and its citizens in the pursuit of prosperity and societal well-being.