Meaning: This quote by John Ruskin, a prominent 19th-century writer, art critic, and social thinker, reflects his observation of the prevailing mindset among influential individuals of his time. Ruskin's assertion that "nearly all the powerful people of this age are unbelievers" carries a provocative and thought-provoking message about the spiritual and moral condition of the society in which he lived. Through this quote, Ruskin addresses not only the religious beliefs of the powerful elite but also their emotional and psychological state, highlighting the pervasive sense of doubt and misery that he perceives among them.

Ruskin's statement suggests that the majority of influential figures in his era lack faith or conviction in religious or spiritual matters. This assertion serves as a commentary on the shifting cultural and intellectual landscape of the 19th century, marked by the rise of scientific rationalism, industrialization, and the questioning of traditional religious beliefs. In Ruskin's view, this prevailing skepticism and unbelief among the powerful individuals of his time are emblematic of a broader crisis of faith and values in society.

Furthermore, Ruskin's characterization of the powerful as being "in doubt and misery" paints a poignant picture of the inner turmoil and existential angst experienced by these individuals. Beyond their outward success and influence, Ruskin suggests that many of the powerful figures of his age grapple with profound uncertainty and emotional distress. This portrayal challenges the conventional notion that power and success equate to contentment and confidence, offering a more nuanced understanding of the human experience within the corridors of authority and influence.

Additionally, Ruskin's mention of "plodding hesitation" conveys a sense of cautious and deliberate decision-making among the powerful elite. Rather than exhibiting boldness or unwavering resolve, Ruskin implies that these individuals navigate their responsibilities and pursuits with a sense of trepidation and indecision. This portrayal subverts the traditional image of powerful leaders as decisive and resolute, suggesting that many of them approach their endeavors with a measured and tentative approach, perhaps due to the underlying doubts and uncertainties that pervade their inner lives.

Moreover, Ruskin acknowledges that despite their internal struggles and existential dilemmas, the powerful individuals of his age continue to engage in "practical work" that is within their immediate purview. This recognition of their commitment to fulfilling their responsibilities and attending to the tasks at hand underscores the complex interplay between personal turmoil and professional obligation. Ruskin's acknowledgment of their efforts to carry out practical work reflects a degree of empathy and understanding for the challenges faced by those in positions of power.

In conclusion, John Ruskin's quote offers a compelling insight into his perception of the spiritual, emotional, and psychological state of the powerful individuals in the 19th century. Through his characterization of them as unbelievers, plagued by doubt and misery, and exhibiting plodding hesitation, Ruskin prompts reflection on the complexities of power, influence, and the human condition. His observations serve as a timeless commentary on the multifaceted nature of authority and the inner lives of those who wield it.