Meaning: The quote "By union the smallest states thrive. By discord the greatest are destroyed" is attributed to the Roman historian and politician Sallust. Sallust, whose full name was Gaius Sallustius Crispus, was a Roman historian, politician, and a contemporary of Julius Caesar. He is best known for his historical monographs, particularly his works on the history of the Roman Republic.

In this quote, Sallust conveys the idea that unity and harmony are essential for the prosperity and survival of smaller states, while discord and division can lead to the downfall of even the mightiest and most powerful nations. This sentiment reflects the political and social dynamics of the ancient world, as well as timeless principles of governance and diplomacy.

Sallust's perspective on the impact of unity and discord in the context of states and societies has been the subject of much analysis and interpretation. At its core, the quote emphasizes the crucial role of internal cohesion and external harmony in the success and stability of political entities. Sallust's observations resonate with historical examples of both the strength derived from unity and the vulnerabilities resulting from internal strife.

Throughout history, numerous examples support Sallust's assertion that unity is a catalyst for the prosperity of smaller states. The cooperative efforts of smaller city-states in ancient Greece, such as the Delian League, enabled these entities to thrive and exert influence beyond their individual capacities. Similarly, smaller nations that have formed unions or alliances, such as the European Union or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, have leveraged their collective strength to address common challenges and foster economic and social development.

Conversely, Sallust's warning about the destructive potential of discord in larger states finds resonance in the annals of history. The disintegration of powerful empires and civilizations, such as the Roman Empire, has often been linked to internal divisions, political infighting, and social discord. The fracturing of unity and the eruption of conflicts within these mighty entities weakened their foundations and ultimately contributed to their decline and fall.

In the contemporary world, Sallust's insights remain relevant in the realm of international relations and geopolitics. The stability and success of multinational organizations and alliances hinge on the ability of member states to find common ground and work toward shared objectives. Conversely, discord and internal strife within powerful nations can have far-reaching consequences, influencing global dynamics and the geopolitical landscape.

Sallust's quote serves as a timeless reminder of the fundamental principles that underpin the cohesion and prosperity of states and societies. It underscores the enduring importance of unity, cooperation, and concord in fostering strength and resilience, while also highlighting the perils of division and discord in undermining the stability and vitality of even the most formidable entities. As such, Sallust's words continue to resonate as a poignant reflection on the dynamics of power, governance, and the human experience across the ages.