Meaning: The quote by William Simms, a 19th-century American novelist, encapsulates the essence of true criticism. It emphasizes that the purpose of criticism is not to seek praise or blame but rather to discern, establish, prescribe, and award judiciously and honestly. This quote resonates with the fundamental principles of constructive criticism and the responsibilities that come with it.

Criticism, in its truest form, is not about seeking approval or disapproval. It goes beyond subjective opinions and personal biases. Instead, it aims to discern and evaluate the merits and demerits of a subject, whether it be a work of art, a piece of literature, a performance, or any other creation. True criticism involves a fair and balanced assessment, devoid of flattery or condemnation.

The first aspect highlighted in the quote is the need to "justly discriminate." This implies the ability to discern and differentiate between the various aspects of the subject being critiqued. It requires a keen eye to identify the strengths and weaknesses, the nuances, and the underlying elements that contribute to the overall quality of the work. Just discrimination involves a thorough and objective analysis that is rooted in fairness and impartiality.

The next aim of criticism, as mentioned in the quote, is to "firmly establish." This involves the task of providing a solid foundation for the evaluation and understanding of the subject. It requires the critic to substantiate their assessments with clear and rational arguments, supported by evidence and reasoning. By firmly establishing the basis of their criticism, the critic provides a framework for others to comprehend and engage with their viewpoint.

"Wisely to prescribe" is another crucial aspect of true criticism. This implies the ability to offer insightful and constructive suggestions for improvement. Criticism, when delivered wisely, not only identifies areas of weakness but also offers guidance on how those shortcomings can be addressed. It involves providing actionable recommendations that can help the creator or performer enhance their work.

The final duty mentioned in the quote is to "honestly award." This emphasizes the importance of integrity and truthfulness in criticism. It is a reminder that criticism should not be swayed by personal prejudices or external influences. Instead, it should reflect an honest and sincere appraisal, acknowledging the strengths and weaknesses with integrity and transparency.

In essence, William Simms' quote underscores the noble objectives and responsibilities of true criticism. It serves as a reminder that criticism, when carried out with integrity and purpose, can be a powerful tool for growth and improvement. It encourages critics to approach their evaluations with fairness, insight, and honesty, ultimately contributing to the enrichment of the creative and intellectual landscape.

In conclusion, the quote by William Simms encapsulates the essence of true criticism, emphasizing the need for just discrimination, firm establishment, wise prescriptions, and honest awards. These principles serve as a guide for critics, reminding them of their noble objectives and duties in evaluating and providing feedback on various works and performances. By adhering to these principles, critics can contribute to the advancement and refinement of artistic and intellectual endeavors.