Meaning: The quote "In old times people used to try and square the circle; now they try and devise schemes for satisfying the Irish nation" by Samuel Butler, the English poet, satirist, and author, reflects the changing nature of human endeavors and the shifting focus of societal challenges. Samuel Butler, who lived in the 19th century, was known for his keen observations and critical commentary on the society of his time.

The first part of the quote, "In old times people used to try and square the circle," refers to the ancient mathematical problem of squaring the circle, which was a challenge that captivated the minds of thinkers and mathematicians for centuries. The problem involved constructing a square with the same area as a given circle using only a compass and a straightedge. Despite numerous attempts, it was proven to be an impossible task according to the rules of classical geometry. The phrase "squaring the circle" thus came to represent the pursuit of an impossible or unattainable goal.

The second part of the quote, "now they try and devise schemes for satisfying the Irish nation," is a commentary on the political and social challenges of Butler's time. The reference to "satisfying the Irish nation" alludes to the complex and contentious relationship between Ireland and England, particularly in the context of Irish nationalism and calls for independence. The quote suggests that the focus of human endeavor has shifted from seemingly impossible mathematical puzzles to the intricate and often elusive task of meeting the needs and demands of a national community.

Butler's astute comparison between the historical pursuit of squaring the circle and the contemporary challenge of addressing the aspirations of the Irish nation highlights the evolving nature of human ambitions and the shifting landscape of societal concerns. The quote can be interpreted as a wry commentary on the futility of certain endeavors in the past contrasted with the complexities and nuances of contemporary political and social issues.

In a broader sense, the quote may also be seen as a reflection on the evolution of human aspirations and the changing nature of societal challenges. It prompts us to consider the shifting priorities and goals of different eras, as well as the ways in which historical pursuits and contemporary endeavors reflect the values and concerns of their respective times.

Overall, Samuel Butler's quote offers a thought-provoking commentary on the changing nature of human pursuits and the evolving focus of societal challenges. It encapsulates the idea that what was once considered an insurmountable task may be replaced by new, equally complex endeavors, and invites reflection on the shifting priorities and aspirations of different periods in history.