Meaning: The quote "Before a group can enter the open society, it must first close ranks" by Stokely Carmichael, an American civil rights activist and leader of the Black Power movement in the 1960s, encapsulates the idea of unity and solidarity as a necessary step for marginalized groups to assert their rights and navigate the complexities of societal change. This quote reflects the strategic and often defensive measures that marginalized groups take in order to build strength and cohesion before engaging with the broader society.

Carmichael's words are deeply rooted in the context of the civil rights movement in the United States, where African Americans and other marginalized communities were actively seeking to dismantle systemic racism and discrimination. The idea of "closing ranks" can be interpreted as a call for internal cohesion and solidarity within these communities before engaging with the larger society.

In practical terms, "closing ranks" can involve various forms of collective action, including organizing, mobilizing, and building a shared sense of identity and purpose. It may also entail creating safe spaces for dialogue and empowerment within the community, as well as developing strategies for resistance and self-defense in the face of external threats or oppression.

The concept of "closing ranks" also speaks to the need for marginalized groups to address internal divisions and conflicts in order to present a united front in the struggle for equality and social justice. This process can involve confronting issues of class, gender, and ideological differences within the community, and working towards a more inclusive and cohesive movement.

Once a group has "closed ranks" and established a strong sense of unity and purpose, they are better equipped to engage with the broader society and work towards entering the "open society." This transition involves advocating for systemic change, challenging discriminatory practices, and seeking inclusion and representation within the institutions and structures of society.

It is important to note that the quote can also be interpreted in a broader sense beyond the specific context of the civil rights movement. It speaks to the universal need for marginalized and oppressed groups to build solidarity, assert their rights, and strive for inclusion in societies that have historically marginalized them.

In conclusion, Stokely Carmichael's quote "Before a group can enter the open society, it must first close ranks" encapsulates the strategic and necessary process of internal cohesion and solidarity for marginalized groups as they navigate the path towards societal change and inclusion. It reflects the complexities and challenges of confronting systemic oppression and discrimination, and the importance of unity and collective action in the pursuit of social justice.