Meaning: Rudolf Carnap, a prominent philosopher of the 20th century, made significant contributions to the fields of logic, philosophy of science, and the philosophy of language. The quote "Logic is the last scientific ingredient of Philosophy; its extraction leaves behind only a confusion of non-scientific, pseudo problems" encapsulates Carnap's emphasis on the central role of logic in philosophy and his critique of non-scientific, metaphysical problems that he believed could be dissolved through logical analysis.

Carnap was a leading figure in the Vienna Circle, a group of philosophers and scientists who sought to apply logical and empirical methods to philosophical problems. He was a proponent of logical positivism, a philosophical movement that sought to establish a clear distinction between meaningful, scientifically verifiable statements and meaningless, metaphysical claims. According to Carnap and other logical positivists, traditional metaphysical questions about the nature of reality, the existence of God, and the ultimate purpose of life were not amenable to empirical verification and were therefore devoid of cognitive content.

In the quote, Carnap asserts that logic is the "last scientific ingredient" of philosophy, suggesting that logical analysis represents the culmination of philosophical inquiry. Carnap's understanding of logic encompassed not only formal logic, but also the use of logical methods to clarify and resolve philosophical problems. For Carnap, logic provided the tools for distinguishing between meaningful and meaningless statements, and for uncovering the underlying structure of language and thought.

Carnap's emphasis on the scientific character of philosophy reflects his commitment to a rigorous, systematic approach to philosophical inquiry. By characterizing logic as the "last scientific ingredient" of philosophy, Carnap underscores the importance of subjecting philosophical claims to the same standards of clarity and precision as those applied in the natural sciences.

Furthermore, Carnap's assertion that the extraction of logic leaves behind a "confusion of non-scientific, pseudo problems" highlights his view that many traditional philosophical problems are based on linguistic confusion or conceptual muddles, rather than genuine substantive issues. This aligns with the logical positivist project of dissolving metaphysical problems by showing them to be either empirically meaningless or reducible to empirical questions.

Carnap's critique of non-scientific, pseudo problems can be understood in the context of his broader philosophical project, which aimed to demarcate the boundaries of meaningful discourse and to establish a foundation for scientific knowledge. By advocating for the rigorous application of logic and empirical methods in philosophy, Carnap sought to clarify the nature and scope of genuine philosophical inquiry, while dispelling what he saw as the illusory problems generated by metaphysical speculation and unclear language.

In conclusion, Rudolf Carnap's quote underscores the central role of logic in philosophy and reflects his commitment to a scientifically informed, systematic approach to philosophical inquiry. Moreover, the quote encapsulates Carnap's critique of non-scientific, pseudo problems, signaling his endeavor to dissolve metaphysical confusion through logical analysis and empirical scrutiny. While Carnap's views have been subject to criticism and debate, his contributions to logic, philosophy of science, and the philosophy of language have had a lasting impact on the development of analytic philosophy in the 20th century.