Meaning: This quote by Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman statesman, orator, and philosopher, encapsulates a profound insight into human nature and the various sources of knowledge and guidance that shape individuals' actions and decisions. Cicero's astute observation highlights the diverse ways in which people learn and make sense of the world around them, emphasizing the role of reason, experience, necessity, and instinct as guiding forces in human behavior and decision-making.

At the heart of the quote is the concept of wisdom and the different pathways through which individuals acquire knowledge and understanding. According to Cicero, the wise are those who are guided by reason. This implies that they are able to think critically, analyze situations, and make informed choices based on logic and rationality. The wise individuals seek to understand the underlying principles and causes behind events and circumstances, allowing them to navigate the complexities of life with clarity and insight. In essence, they are guided by a deep understanding of the world and a capacity for discernment that transcends mere experience or necessity.

In contrast, Cicero suggests that those with average minds are primarily influenced by their experiences. This implies that their understanding of the world is shaped by the accumulation of personal encounters, successes, failures, and observations. While experience can be a valuable teacher, Cicero implies that it may not always lead to the development of wisdom. Instead, it serves as a source of learning and growth for individuals whose minds are not inherently inclined towards deep reasoning and reflection.

The quote also addresses the role of necessity in shaping the actions and decisions of the stupid. Here, Cicero implies that individuals who lack intellectual capacity or discernment are primarily driven by the immediate demands and constraints of their circumstances. Their actions are guided by the urgency of meeting basic needs or addressing pressing concerns, rather than by thoughtful reflection or reasoned analysis. This portrayal of necessity as a guiding force for the less intellectually inclined suggests a reactive rather than proactive approach to life.

Finally, Cicero touches upon the role of instinct in guiding the actions of the brute. In this context, the term "brute" likely refers to individuals who are driven primarily by primal urges and impulses, devoid of higher cognitive functions or moral reasoning. For such individuals, instinct serves as the primary determinant of behavior, leading them to act on basic survival instincts and primal desires without the intervention of rational thought or ethical considerations.

In conclusion, Cicero's quote offers a thought-provoking reflection on the diverse sources of guidance and knowledge that shape human behavior and decision-making. By drawing attention to the roles of reason, experience, necessity, and instinct, Cicero sheds light on the complex interplay between intellect, environment, and innate drives in shaping human conduct. The quote serves as a timeless reminder of the multifaceted nature of human cognition and the diverse pathways through which individuals seek to make sense of the world and navigate their lives.