Meaning: The quote "Here, again, as I conceive, gentlemen forget that this government is a republican one, resting exclusively in the intelligence and virtue of the People" is attributed to Caleb Cushing, a prominent American diplomat, lawyer, and politician. This statement reflects Cushing's belief in the foundation of the United States government as a republic and the essential role of the people in upholding its principles. To fully understand the significance of this quote, it is necessary to delve into the historical context and Cushing's own background and beliefs.

Caleb Cushing was a key figure in American politics and diplomacy during the 19th century. He served as a U.S. Congressman, Attorney General, and Minister to China, among other positions. Throughout his career, Cushing was known for his strong advocacy of democratic principles and the importance of the people in shaping the nation's governance.

In the quote, Cushing emphasizes the republican nature of the American government. The term "republican" refers to a form of government in which power is held by the people and their elected representatives, rather than a monarch or ruler. This concept is rooted in the ideals of the Founding Fathers, who sought to establish a system that would safeguard the rights and freedoms of the people.

Cushing's assertion that the government "rests exclusively in the intelligence and virtue of the People" underscores his belief in the fundamental role of the citizenry in sustaining the republic. He highlights the importance of intelligence, indicating that an informed and knowledgeable populace is essential for the functioning of the government. Furthermore, Cushing emphasizes the significance of virtue, suggesting that the moral character and ethical conduct of the people are crucial for the preservation of the republic.

This sentiment aligns with the principles of popular sovereignty, a core tenet of American democracy. Popular sovereignty asserts that the authority of the government is derived from the consent of the governed, and that the people have the ultimate power to determine the course of their nation. Cushing's words reflect a deep-seated commitment to the idea that the government's legitimacy and effectiveness hinge on the active participation and virtuous conduct of the citizenry.

Moreover, Cushing's statement may also be interpreted as a cautionary reminder to those in positions of authority. By addressing "gentlemen," he could be directing his message to the political elite, urging them not to overlook the foundational principles of the republic. His use of the word "forget" implies that there is a risk of losing sight of the government's true nature and dependence on the people's intelligence and virtue. In doing so, Cushing calls for a renewed recognition of the people's central role in the functioning of the republic.

In conclusion, Caleb Cushing's quote encapsulates his unwavering belief in the republican form of government and the indispensable role of the people in upholding it. Through his emphasis on the intelligence and virtue of the populace, he underscores the enduring principles of popular sovereignty and civic responsibility. Cushing's words serve as a timeless reminder of the foundational values upon which the American republic was established, and the enduring need for an engaged, informed, and virtuous citizenry to sustain it.