Meaning: The quote "The first is the law, the last prerogative" by John Dryden, a renowned English poet, playwright, and literary critic from the 17th century, is a thought-provoking statement that reflects on the relationship between law and prerogative. In order to understand the quote in depth, it is important to consider the historical and cultural context of Dryden's time, as well as his own views on power, authority, and governance.

John Dryden lived during a period of significant political and social change in England. He witnessed the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration of the monarchy under Charles II. These tumultuous events undoubtedly influenced Dryden's understanding of law, authority, and prerogative. In the quote, he juxtaposes "the first" and "the last," suggesting a hierarchical order or a progression from one to the other. This hints at the idea that law precedes prerogative, and perhaps holds a higher or more fundamental position in the governance of a society.

The concept of law, as referenced in the quote, can be interpreted in multiple ways. It may refer to the established legal framework of a society, including statutes, regulations, and judicial precedents. Additionally, it could encompass the principles of justice, fairness, and order that underpin the legal system. In this sense, "the first" can be seen as the foundational basis upon which governance and authority are built. It represents the rule of law, which is essential for ensuring stability, protecting individual rights, and promoting the common good.

On the other hand, "the last prerogative" suggests a position of ultimate authority or power. The term "prerogative" historically referred to the special rights and powers held by the monarch or ruler. It encompassed discretionary authority that could be exercised for the public good, often in situations where the ordinary law was insufficient. In this context, "the last" may connote the highest or final form of authority, indicating that prerogative stands above and beyond the constraints of ordinary law.

Dryden's quote can be interpreted as a commentary on the tension between the rule of law and the discretionary powers of those in authority. It raises questions about the proper balance and relationship between legal constraints and executive authority. In a well-ordered society, the law serves as a check on arbitrary power, ensuring that rulers are bound by legal norms and accountable to the people. However, the concept of prerogative introduces the idea that exceptional circumstances may require the exercise of discretionary authority for the public good.

In the context of monarchy and governance, the quote may reflect Dryden's views on the proper limits of royal authority. During his lifetime, he witnessed the struggles between the Crown and Parliament over the extent of royal prerogative, particularly in matters of taxation, war, and the dispensing of justice. These conflicts underscored the importance of defining and circumscribing the scope of prerogative powers within a constitutional framework.

In conclusion, John Dryden's quote "The first is the law, the last prerogative" encapsulates complex themes related to law, authority, and governance. It invites contemplation on the interplay between legal norms and discretionary powers, as well as the implications for a just and orderly society. By delving into the historical context and considering Dryden's own perspective, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the profound insights embedded in this thought-provoking statement.