Meaning: The quote "Classic art was the art of necessity: modern romantic art bears the stamp of caprice and chance" by Max Eastman highlights the distinction between classic and modern romantic art. Max Eastman, a prominent American writer, poet, and political activist, was known for his contributions to the modernist literary movement in the early 20th century. His quote reflects his perspective on the evolution of art and the shifting ideologies that have influenced artistic expression over time.

In the context of the quote, "classic art" refers to the artistic traditions and conventions that were prevalent in ancient Greece and Rome, as well as the Renaissance period. Classic art was characterized by its adherence to established rules, principles, and techniques. It often sought to achieve a sense of balance, harmony, and idealized beauty, drawing inspiration from mythology, history, and religious themes. The creation of classic art was driven by the necessity to uphold cultural and societal values, as well as to commemorate important events and figures.

On the other hand, "modern romantic art" refers to the artistic movements that emerged in the 18th and 19th centuries, such as Romanticism and its subsequent offshoots. Unlike classic art, modern romantic art rejected the rigid constraints of tradition and instead embraced individualism, emotion, and spontaneity. It sought to convey subjective experiences, personal expression, and a fascination with nature, the sublime, and the supernatural. This departure from the established norms of classic art led to the emergence of a more subjective, imaginative, and expressive form of artistic creation.

When Eastman states that classic art was "the art of necessity," he is emphasizing the role of tradition, societal expectations, and cultural imperatives in shaping the production of art. Classic art served practical and utilitarian functions, such as decorating public spaces, commemorating historical events, and conveying moral or religious messages. The artists of this tradition were often bound by the expectations of their patrons and the established canons of artistic representation.

In contrast, Eastman suggests that modern romantic art "bears the stamp of caprice and chance," implying that it is characterized by a sense of unpredictability, individual freedom, and a departure from strict adherence to tradition. The artists of the modern romantic movement sought to break free from the constraints of necessity and embrace the spontaneity of creativity, allowing for personal expression and the exploration of subjective experiences. This shift towards caprice and chance reflects the rejection of predetermined conventions and the embrace of artistic innovation and experimentation.

In conclusion, Max Eastman's quote encapsulates the contrast between classic art, driven by necessity and tradition, and modern romantic art, characterized by individualism and spontaneity. It underscores the evolving nature of artistic expression and the changing philosophical, cultural, and societal influences that have shaped the trajectory of art history. By acknowledging the shift from necessity to caprice and chance, Eastman prompts us to consider the dynamic interplay between tradition and innovation in the realm of artistic creation.