Meaning: The quote "All philosophy lies in two words, sustain and abstain" by Epictetus, a Greek Stoic philosopher, encapsulates the essence of his teachings on self-discipline, moderation, and the pursuit of a virtuous life. Epictetus, who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, is known for his practical philosophy that emphasizes personal responsibility, resilience, and inner tranquility. This quote reflects his belief that the key to living a fulfilling and virtuous life lies in the ability to sustain what is good and beneficial, while abstaining from that which is harmful or excessive.

The word "sustain" implies the act of maintaining or upholding something, whether it be virtues, values, or principles. In the context of Epictetus' philosophy, sustaining encompasses the idea of nurturing and preserving the qualities that contribute to a life of integrity, wisdom, and moral excellence. This can include sustaining virtues such as courage, justice, temperance, and wisdom, as well as sustaining one's commitment to rational thinking and ethical conduct.

On the other hand, the word "abstain" conveys the notion of refraining or holding back from certain behaviors, desires, or impulses that may lead to vice, moral corruption, or inner turmoil. Epictetus teaches that abstaining involves exercising self-control, resisting temptations, and avoiding excesses in pursuit of a balanced and harmonious life. By abstaining from unhealthy attachments, destructive emotions, and irrational desires, individuals can cultivate a sense of inner freedom and equanimity.

Epictetus' emphasis on sustain and abstain aligns with the broader Stoic philosophy, which promotes the cultivation of virtue, resilience in the face of adversity, and a mindset focused on what is within one's control. For Epictetus, sustaining and abstaining are not merely abstract concepts, but practical guidelines for daily living. They serve as the foundation for developing a moral compass, making wise choices, and navigating the complexities of human existence with grace and dignity.

The Stoic emphasis on sustain and abstain also relates to the concept of eudaimonia, which can be understood as flourishing or living in accordance with one's true nature. By sustaining virtues and abstaining from vices, individuals can align themselves with the pursuit of eudaimonia, striving for a life characterized by inner peace, self-mastery, and moral integrity.

In contemporary society, Epictetus' wisdom continues to resonate, offering insights into the pursuit of a meaningful and ethical life. The dichotomy of sustain and abstain serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of self-discipline, moderation, and ethical discernment in navigating the complexities of the modern world.

In conclusion, Epictetus' quote "All philosophy lies in two words, sustain and abstain" encapsulates the core principles of his Stoic philosophy, emphasizing the importance of sustaining virtues and abstaining from vices in the pursuit of a virtuous and flourishing life. This timeless wisdom continues to inspire individuals seeking guidance on personal ethics, self-discipline, and the pursuit of inner tranquility.