Meaning: The quote by Suzanne Fields touches upon the political dynamics in the Middle East, highlighting the shifts and developments taking place in countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. It reflects the changing landscape of the region, characterized by restlessness, political reforms, and a gradual opening up of political processes.

Lebanon's restlessness refers to the country's history of political instability and social unrest. The nation has experienced periods of political turmoil, including the 15-year civil war that ended in 1990 and ongoing tensions related to sectarian divisions and regional conflicts. The quote suggests that Lebanon continues to grapple with internal and external challenges that contribute to its state of restlessness.

Syria receiving its walking papers alludes to the end of the country's longstanding influence and military presence in Lebanon. For nearly three decades, Syria maintained a significant presence in Lebanese politics and security affairs. However, following the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri in 2005, widespread public protests and international pressure led to the withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon, marking a significant turning point in the country's political landscape.

Egypt's scheduling of elections with more than one candidate references the country's transition towards a more pluralistic and democratic political system. Historically, Egypt has been dominated by authoritarian rule, with limited opportunities for genuine political competition. However, in the early 21st century, there were gradual steps towards opening up the political space, including the 2005 presidential election, which allowed multiple candidates to run for office, albeit within a constrained political environment.

The mention of Saudi Arabia allowing limited municipal elections reflects the cautious steps taken by the kingdom towards political reforms. Saudi Arabia has long been known for its conservative and restrictive approach to governance, particularly in relation to women's rights and political participation. However, in recent years, there have been incremental measures to introduce limited forms of local elections, signaling a willingness to engage in some degree of political liberalization while maintaining the overall structure of the monarchy.

The quote captures a moment of transition and change in the Middle East, where countries are navigating varying degrees of political reform, opening up to greater political participation, and responding to internal and external pressures for change. It acknowledges the complexities and challenges associated with these processes, including the persistence of authoritarian tendencies, societal divisions, and geopolitical tensions. Furthermore, the reference to Saudi Arabia's rulers being "perhaps more terrified of women than rulers anywhere else in the world" underscores the deeply entrenched social and cultural barriers that continue to shape political dynamics in the region.

In summary, Suzanne Fields' quote encapsulates the evolving political landscape of the Middle East, highlighting the restlessness, reforms, and challenges facing countries such as Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. It serves as a reflection of the complex and dynamic nature of political change in the region, offering insight into the ongoing struggles and aspirations for greater political agency and representation.