Meaning: Gustave Flaubert, a renowned French novelist of the 19th century, once said, "Style is as much under the words as in the words. It is as much the soul as it is the flesh of a work." In this quote, Flaubert emphasizes the significance of style in writing, suggesting that it goes beyond the mere surface level of the words and encompasses the essence or soul of the work. This perspective sheds light on the depth and complexity of style as a fundamental aspect of literary creation.

Flaubert's assertion that style exists both "under the words" and "in the words" speaks to the multifaceted nature of writing. On one hand, style operates beneath the explicit language, encompassing the underlying structure, rhythm, and tone that shape the narrative. On the other hand, style is also inherent in the choice of words, the syntax, and the overall linguistic expression. This dual understanding of style underscores its pervasive influence on the entire fabric of a literary work.

Furthermore, Flaubert's comparison of style to the "soul" and the "flesh" of a work draws a parallel between the intangible, spiritual essence of a piece of writing and its tangible, material form. The "soul" of a work represents its deeper meaning, emotional resonance, and thematic significance, while the "flesh" alludes to the physical embodiment of the text—the words, sentences, and paragraphs that constitute its external structure. By likening style to both the soul and the flesh, Flaubert emphasizes its role in shaping not only the outward appearance of a work, but also its innermost substance.

Flaubert's views on style are deeply rooted in his own literary philosophy and creative practice. As a writer known for his meticulous attention to language and form, Flaubert placed great emphasis on the craft of writing. He believed that the precise choice of words and the careful arrangement of sentences were essential for conveying the intended meaning and evoking the desired emotional response in the reader. This commitment to stylistic precision is evident in his most famous work, "Madame Bovary," where Flaubert's exacting prose and vivid descriptions contribute to the novel's enduring impact.

In contemporary literary discourse, Flaubert's insights on style continue to resonate with writers and scholars alike. The notion that style encompasses both the overt expression and the underlying essence of a work underscores the intricate interplay between form and content in literature. It highlights the ways in which the aesthetic qualities of writing are inextricably linked to its thematic, symbolic, and emotional dimensions, shaping the reader's experience in profound ways.

Moreover, Flaubert's emphasis on style as a defining element of literary creation invites reflection on the diverse modes of stylistic expression across different genres, periods, and cultural contexts. From the ornate, elaborate prose of the 19th century to the minimalist, fragmented narratives of the 21st century, style manifests in myriad forms, reflecting the unique voices and artistic visions of individual authors.

In conclusion, Gustave Flaubert's quote on style as the soul and flesh of a work offers a compelling perspective on the intricate nature of literary craftsmanship. By highlighting the pervasive influence of style on both the surface and depth of a literary work, Flaubert underscores its role as a fundamental aspect of creative expression. His insights continue to enrich our understanding of the dynamic interplay between form and meaning in literature, inspiring writers and readers to appreciate the rich diversity of stylistic approaches across the literary landscape.

Sources:
- Gustave Flaubert, "Madame Bovary" (1857)
- Gustave Flaubert, "The Letters of Gustave Flaubert" (1980)