Meaning: The quote "Excellence, then, is a state concerned with choice, lying in a mean, relative to us, this being determined by reason and in the way in which the man of practical wisdom would determine it" is from the renowned philosopher Aristotle. In this quote, Aristotle is discussing the concept of excellence and its relationship to choice and reason. This quote comes from his work "Nicomachean Ethics," where he explores the nature of ethics and the pursuit of virtuous living.

Aristotle's view on excellence is deeply rooted in the idea of moderation and balance. He suggests that excellence, or virtue, is not about extremes but lies in finding the middle ground, or the "mean," in our choices and actions. This mean is not a fixed point but is relative to each individual and is determined by reason. It is not about following strict rules or laws, but about using practical wisdom to navigate the complexities of human life.

The concept of the mean is central to Aristotle's ethical philosophy. He argues that every virtue is a mean between two vices. For example, courage is the mean between cowardice and recklessness, and generosity is the mean between stinginess and extravagance. This idea of the mean emphasizes the importance of balance and moderation in our actions and choices.

Aristotle also emphasizes the role of reason and practical wisdom in determining the mean. He believes that it is the man of practical wisdom, or the phronimos, who can discern the mean in any given situation. Practical wisdom involves not just theoretical knowledge but also the ability to apply that knowledge to real-life situations in a way that promotes the well-being of oneself and others.

Furthermore, Aristotle's concept of excellence is deeply intertwined with the idea of human flourishing or eudaimonia. He argues that the ultimate goal of human life is to achieve eudaimonia, which is often translated as "happiness" or "well-being." According to Aristotle, excellence and the pursuit of the mean are essential for achieving eudaimonia. By making choices that are guided by reason and practical wisdom, individuals can cultivate the virtues that lead to a flourishing and fulfilling life.

Aristotle's ethical framework has had a profound influence on Western philosophy and continues to be a subject of study and debate in the field of ethics. His emphasis on the importance of virtue, reason, and the mean as the foundation of ethical living has resonated throughout the centuries and continues to shape discussions about morality and human flourishing.

In conclusion, the quote from Aristotle captures the essence of his ethical philosophy, highlighting the role of excellence as a state concerned with choice and the mean, determined by reason and practical wisdom. His emphasis on moderation, balance, and the pursuit of virtue as essential components of human flourishing continues to be a source of inspiration and contemplation for those interested in ethics and moral philosophy.