Meaning: The quote "If co-operation is a duty, I hold that non-co-operation also under certain conditions is equally a duty" by Mohandas Gandhi reflects his belief in the principles of non-violent resistance and civil disobedience. Gandhi, often referred to as Mahatma Gandhi, was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and an advocate for nonviolent civil disobedience as a means to achieve social and political change.

Gandhi's philosophy of non-cooperation was deeply rooted in his principles of satyagraha, which translates to "truth force" or "soul force." Satyagraha was Gandhi's method of nonviolent resistance, which emphasized the power of truth and moral courage in the face of oppression. Non-cooperation, as advocated by Gandhi, was a form of peaceful protest and refusal to comply with unjust laws or systems.

Gandhi's belief in the duty of non-cooperation under certain conditions was a response to the oppressive and unjust systems of colonial rule that he and his fellow countrymen were subjected to under British rule. He believed that if co-operation with unjust or oppressive authorities was a duty, then non-cooperation, under certain circumstances, was equally a duty. This principle underpinned his calls for boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience as a means to challenge and resist oppressive regimes.

Gandhi's approach to non-cooperation was not rooted in a desire to create chaos or anarchy, but rather to peacefully and nonviolently resist injustice and oppression. He believed that individuals had a moral obligation to resist unjust laws or systems through non-cooperation, and that this form of resistance could ultimately lead to positive change and transformation.

One of the most famous examples of Gandhi's advocacy for non-cooperation was the Salt March in 1930. In response to the British salt tax, which heavily impacted the Indian population, Gandhi led a 240-mile march to the Arabian Sea to produce salt from the seawater in defiance of the British monopoly. This act of non-cooperation and civil disobedience was a powerful symbol of resistance against unjust colonial laws and economic exploitation.

Gandhi's philosophy of non-cooperation has had a lasting impact on movements for social and political change around the world. His emphasis on nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience has inspired many other leaders and movements, including the civil rights movement in the United States led by Martin Luther King Jr.

In conclusion, Gandhi's quote "If co-operation is a duty, I hold that non-co-operation also under certain conditions is equally a duty" encapsulates his belief in the moral obligation to peacefully resist injustice and oppression through non-cooperation. His philosophy of satyagraha and nonviolent resistance has had a profound influence on movements for social and political change, emphasizing the power of truth and moral courage in the face of adversity.