Meaning: The quote "O Polly, you might have toyed and kissed, by keeping men off, you keep them on" is from the 18th-century English poet and playwright John Gay. It is a line from his famous work "The Beggar's Opera," which was first performed in 1728. The quote is spoken by the character Macheath, who is a charming yet unscrupulous highwayman. The line reflects the complex and often contradictory dynamics of love and attraction, as well as the power dynamics between men and women in relationships.

In this quote, Macheath is addressing Polly Peachum, the daughter of a fence and a main character in the play. He is essentially telling her that by resisting the advances of men, she is actually making herself more desirable to them. The implication is that by playing hard to get, Polly is inadvertently encouraging men to pursue her even more ardently. This sentiment reflects a common theme in literature and popular culture, where the idea of unattainability or resistance as a catalyst for attraction is often romanticized.

The quote also touches on the notion of power and control in relationships. By suggesting that "by keeping men off, you keep them on," Macheath is highlighting the idea that withholding affection or attention can be a means of exerting power and influence over others. This speaks to the broader social and gender dynamics of the time, where women often had to navigate a fine line between asserting their independence and maintaining the appearance of modesty and virtue.

John Gay's "The Beggar's Opera" is a satirical work that parodies the conventions of Italian opera and the political and social climate of 18th-century England. The play explores themes of love, crime, and corruption, and presents a colorful cast of characters from various social strata. The quote in question is just one example of the witty and provocative dialogue that is characteristic of the play.

In terms of its enduring relevance, the quote continues to resonate because it encapsulates the timeless complexities of human relationships. The idea that playing hard to get can be a strategy for attracting romantic interest is a theme that has been explored in literature, film, and popular culture for centuries. Furthermore, the quote's reflection on power dynamics in relationships remains pertinent in contemporary discussions of gender, consent, and agency.

Overall, John Gay's quote "O Polly, you might have toyed and kissed, by keeping men off, you keep them on" offers a thought-provoking commentary on the nature of attraction and the dynamics of power and control in relationships. Its enduring resonance is a testament to the enduring relevance of the play and its exploration of timeless themes.