Meaning: The quote you provided is attributed to Arthur Hertzberg, a prominent theologian, and historian known for his work on Jewish history and his involvement in interfaith dialogue. The quote seems to be a reflection on the political stances of leaders George W. Bush and Ariel Sharon in the early 2000s, particularly in relation to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

In the quote, Hertzberg first expresses uncertainty about the direction of President George W. Bush's policies, indicating that he does not yet know where Bush is headed in terms of his approach to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This reflects the complex and evolving nature of U.S. foreign policy in the region during that time. The quote then shifts to a more definitive assessment of Ariel Sharon's position, suggesting that Sharon has adopted a stance that aligns with the position of the Labor Party in Israel. This position, as articulated by Hertzberg, centers on the recognition of the permanence of the Palestinian presence in the region.

To provide context, it's important to note that the early 2000s were a tumultuous period in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The Second Intifada, a period of intensified violence and unrest, was ongoing, and efforts to reach a peaceful resolution seemed elusive. Against this backdrop, the leadership and policies of figures such as Bush and Sharon were closely scrutinized and debated.

George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009, was known for his administration's efforts to address the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In 2002, his administration released the "Road Map for Peace," a plan aimed at achieving a two-state solution to the conflict. This plan called for an end to Palestinian violence and the dismantling of Israeli settlements, among other provisions. The quote may reflect the uncertainty surrounding Bush's approach at the time, as observers and analysts grappled with the implications of the new administration's policies in the region.

Ariel Sharon, the Prime Minister of Israel from 2001 to 2006, was a controversial and influential figure in Israeli politics. A longtime proponent of Israeli security and a strong advocate for the interests of the Israeli state, Sharon's policies and actions often elicited strong reactions both domestically and internationally. The quote suggests that Sharon, despite his historical alignment with more conservative and hawkish positions, had adopted a stance that acknowledged the enduring presence of Palestinians in the region. This interpretation aligns with Sharon's later decision to unilaterally withdraw Israeli forces and settlers from the Gaza Strip in 2005, a move that sparked significant debate and controversy.

In the broader context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the quote touches on fundamental questions of identity, coexistence, and territorial claims. The acknowledgment of the permanence of the Palestinian presence, as articulated in the quote, reflects a recognition of the complex and interconnected nature of Israeli and Palestinian societies, histories, and aspirations. It also underscores the evolving nature of political positions and the potential for shifts in policy and rhetoric, even from leaders with established track records.

In conclusion, the quote attributed to Arthur Hertzberg offers a glimpse into the dynamics of political leadership and policy stances in the early 2000s, specifically in relation to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It reflects the uncertainty surrounding the trajectory of U.S. and Israeli policies at the time and highlights the significance of shifts in political positions, particularly with regard to acknowledging the enduring presence of Palestinians in the region. This quote serves as a reminder of the complexity and nuance inherent in efforts to address long-standing conflicts and the evolving nature of political leadership in navigating these challenges.