Meaning: This quote is from Hesiod, a Greek poet who lived around the 8th century BCE. The quote reflects the idea that a just and fair society is essential for the prosperity of a city and its people. It emphasizes the importance of impartial and fair judgment, particularly towards strangers and fellow citizens, in maintaining the well-being of the community. The quote suggests that when individuals uphold principles of justice and fairness, the city will thrive and its inhabitants will flourish.

Hesiod was a didactic poet, meaning that he sought to instruct and educate his audience through his writings. His works often explore themes of morality, justice, and the nature of human society. In this quote, Hesiod highlights the connection between ethical behavior and the overall prosperity of a community.

The idea that a just society leads to prosperity is a recurring theme in ancient Greek literature and philosophy. The Greek philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, also discussed the importance of justice in maintaining a harmonious and flourishing community. Hesiod's quote aligns with this broader philosophical tradition, emphasizing the ethical and moral foundations of a successful society.

The notion of treating strangers and fellow citizens with fairness and impartiality is particularly significant in the context of ancient Greek city-states. These city-states were often comprised of diverse populations, including both native inhabitants and immigrants. The ability to maintain peaceful and cooperative relations among these different groups was crucial for the stability and success of the city-state.

Hesiod's emphasis on "straight judgments" towards strangers underscores the importance of hospitality and respect for others in ancient Greek society. The concept of xenia, or guest-friendship, was a central aspect of Greek social customs. It involved the reciprocal exchange of hospitality and kindness between hosts and guests, and it was considered a sacred duty. Hesiod's quote can be seen as an extension of this cultural value, suggesting that the fair treatment of strangers is essential for the well-being of the community as a whole.

Furthermore, Hesiod's reference to "those of the land" suggests that the principle of impartial judgment applies not only to outsiders but also to fellow citizens. This reinforces the idea that justice should be upheld within the community, promoting harmony and cohesion among its members.

The quote also implies that a just society is conducive to prosperity. When individuals and institutions adhere to principles of fairness and justice, the city is described as flourishing, and its people are said to prosper. This suggests that ethical behavior and the maintenance of a just social order are not only moral imperatives but also practical necessities for the overall well-being and success of the community.

In conclusion, Hesiod's quote emphasizes the fundamental connection between justice, prosperity, and societal well-being. It reflects the ancient Greek belief in the importance of ethical conduct and fair treatment of others for the flourishing of a community. The enduring relevance of these ideas is evident in their resonance with broader philosophical and ethical traditions, making Hesiod's insights on justice and prosperity as relevant today as they were in ancient Greece.