Meaning: This quote, attributed to the ancient Greek poet Hesiod, reflects a pervasive theme in his works, particularly in his poem "Works and Days." Hesiod is known for his moral and didactic poetry, which often emphasizes the consequences of human actions and the importance of justice and righteousness. In this quote, he laments the suffering of the people who bear the burden of their rulers' unjust actions and deceitful words.

Hesiod lived in the 8th century BCE and is considered one of the earliest Greek poets whose works have been preserved. His poetry often addresses the moral and ethical conduct of individuals and society, and he frequently criticizes the abuse of power by those in authority. The quote encapsulates Hesiod's belief in the interconnectedness of human actions and their repercussions, as well as the detrimental impact of corrupt leadership on the populace.

The phrase "the people will pay the penalty for their kings' presumption" highlights the idea that the actions and decisions of rulers can have severe consequences for the broader population. It suggests that the ordinary citizens bear the brunt of the repercussions when their leaders act arrogantly or unjustly. Hesiod's use of the word "presumption" implies that the rulers have overstepped their rightful authority and have acted with arrogance and self-importance, disregarding the well-being of their subjects.

The quote continues with the assertion that these rulers "devise evil" and "turn justice from her path with tortuous speech." Here, Hesiod condemns the rulers' deceitful and manipulative tactics, suggesting that they use cunning and dishonesty to pervert the course of justice. This aligns with Hesiod's broader emphasis on the importance of justice and ethical conduct, as well as his criticism of those who abuse their power for personal gain.

Hesiod's reference to "tortuous speech" underscores the insidious nature of the rulers' communication, implying that they use convoluted and deceptive language to achieve their nefarious goals. This emphasis on the misuse of language and rhetoric reflects Hesiod's concern with the moral decay brought about by dishonesty and manipulation, as well as his belief in the power of truthful and straightforward communication.

Overall, this quote from Hesiod encapsulates his enduring themes of justice, morality, and the consequences of human actions. It serves as a poignant reminder of the enduring relevance of Hesiod's moral teachings and his critique of abuse of power. Through his evocative language and timeless insights, Hesiod continues to offer valuable lessons about the impact of leadership, the importance of ethical conduct, and the interconnectedness of human society.