Meaning: The quote "Politics is the science of who gets what, when, and why" by Sidney Hillman, an influential labor leader and activist, succinctly captures the essence of political science and the distribution of power, resources, and opportunities within society. Hillman was a prominent figure in the American labor movement during the early to mid-20th century, and his quote reflects the core principles that underpin the study and practice of politics.

At its core, politics revolves around the allocation of resources and the exercise of power. This can include tangible resources such as wealth, land, and access to services, as well as intangible resources such as influence, authority, and opportunities. The "science" of politics refers to the systematic study and analysis of how these resources are distributed, who controls them, and the underlying motivations and mechanisms that drive these distributions.

The first part of the quote, "who gets what," speaks to the fundamental question of resource allocation. In any society, there are limited resources available, and politics determines who has access to these resources. This can be seen in the distribution of wealth, the provision of public services, and the allocation of rights and privileges. Political systems and institutions play a crucial role in determining who receives what, whether it be through government policies, economic structures, or social norms.

The second part of the quote, "when," highlights the temporal aspect of political decision-making. The timing of resource allocation and policy implementation can have significant implications for who benefits and who loses out. Political actors often strategize and maneuver to secure advantageous timing for their interests, whether it be in the form of legislative action, economic policies, or social reforms. Understanding the "when" of political decisions provides insight into the dynamics of power and influence within a society.

The final part of the quote, "and why," delves into the motivations and justifications behind political outcomes. Politics is not just about the distribution of resources, but also about the underlying reasons and ideologies that shape these distributions. The "why" of politics encompasses a range of factors, including values, beliefs, interests, and ideologies that drive decision-making and policy outcomes. Understanding the "why" of politics is essential for comprehending the deeper forces at play within a political system.

Hillman's quote underscores the multidimensional nature of politics and the intricate web of power, interests, and ideologies that shape political outcomes. It serves as a reminder that politics is not just a theoretical exercise, but a tangible force that shapes the lived experiences of individuals and communities. Whether in the realm of domestic policy, international relations, or grassroots activism, the quote encapsulates the fundamental principles that underlie the study and practice of politics.

In conclusion, Sidney Hillman's quote, "Politics is the science of who gets what, when, and why," offers a concise yet profound insight into the nature of politics. It encapsulates the essence of resource allocation, power dynamics, and the underlying motivations that drive political decision-making. By examining the "who," "when," and "why" of politics, we gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay of interests and forces that shape our societies.