Meaning: Victor Hugo, a renowned French writer, poet, and playwright, was a prominent figure in the Romantic literary movement of the 19th century. The quote "There have been in this century only one great man and one great thing: Napoleon and liberty. For want of the great man, let us have the great thing," reflects Hugo's perspective on the significance of historical figures and the ideals they represent.

The quote juxtaposes two key elements: "Napoleon" and "liberty." Napoleon Bonaparte, the French military and political leader, is often regarded as one of the most influential figures in history due to his impact on European politics and warfare during the early 19th century. On the other hand, "liberty" symbolizes the fundamental value of freedom and self-determination, which has been a central theme in various historical movements and revolutions.

Hugo's assertion that there has been only one "great man" and one "great thing" in the century implies a rareness and exceptionalism in the historical context. He elevates Napoleon as the singular exceptional figure, attributing greatness to him, while also emphasizing the significance of "liberty" as the other exceptional entity. This juxtaposition suggests that the concept of "greatness" can be embodied by both individuals and overarching ideals.

Furthermore, the quote suggests a certain degree of resignation or compromise in the absence of a "great man." Hugo's proposal to embrace the "great thing" in the absence of the "great man" implies a willingness to prioritize the ideals and principles associated with liberty, even when a larger-than-life figure like Napoleon is not present. This sentiment reflects Hugo's belief in the enduring power and importance of liberty as a driving force in shaping the course of history.

It is worth noting that Victor Hugo's own political views and experiences greatly influenced his perspective on leadership and societal change. As a staunch advocate for democracy and individual freedoms, he often used his literary works to criticize authoritarianism and champion the cause of liberty. His novel "Les Misérables," for instance, delves into themes of social justice, redemption, and the struggle for liberty in the face of oppression.

In analyzing the quote, it is essential to consider the historical context in which Hugo was writing. The 19th century was marked by significant political upheaval, revolutionary movements, and the rise of nationalism across Europe. The legacy of Napoleon's rule, with its complex impact on the political landscape of the time, undoubtedly informed Hugo's assessment of historical greatness and the enduring relevance of liberty.

In conclusion, Victor Hugo's quote encapsulates his nuanced understanding of historical significance, leadership, and the enduring value of liberty. By elevating Napoleon as a singular great man and emphasizing the importance of liberty as a great thing, Hugo prompts reflection on the interplay between individual agency and overarching ideals in shaping the course of history. His call to embrace the "great thing" in the absence of the "great man" underscores the enduring relevance of liberty as a foundational principle in the pursuit of a just and equitable society.