Meaning: The quote "All science requires mathematics. The knowledge of mathematical things is almost innate in us. This is the easiest of sciences, a fact which is obvious in that no one's brain rejects it; for laymen and people who are utterly illiterate know how to count and reckon." by Roger Bacon, a philosopher from the early 13th century, highlights the fundamental role of mathematics in scientific inquiry and the pervasive nature of mathematical understanding in human cognition.

Bacon's assertion that "all science requires mathematics" emphasizes the foundational nature of mathematics in scientific pursuits. Indeed, from the precise measurements and calculations in physics and engineering to the statistical analyses in social sciences and biology, mathematics serves as the language of the natural world. It provides the tools for formulating and testing hypotheses, analyzing data, and deriving meaningful conclusions in diverse scientific disciplines. Without the application of mathematical principles, the advancement of scientific knowledge and the understanding of natural phenomena would be severely limited.

Furthermore, Bacon's statement about the almost innate knowledge of mathematical things in humans underscores the inherent relationship between mathematics and human cognition. The ability to quantify, measure, and make sense of numerical relationships appears to be deeply ingrained in human consciousness. From early childhood, individuals demonstrate an intuitive understanding of basic mathematical concepts such as counting, comparison, and spatial reasoning. This innate capacity for mathematical thinking forms the basis for more advanced mathematical reasoning and problem-solving skills that are essential for scientific inquiry.

Bacon's characterization of mathematics as the "easiest of sciences" may be interpreted in the context of its universal applicability and accessibility. Unlike some branches of science that require specialized knowledge and extensive training, mathematics is inherently comprehensible to individuals across different educational backgrounds. As Bacon notes, "laymen and people who are utterly illiterate know how to count and reckon," highlighting the widespread familiarity with fundamental mathematical operations and concepts. This universality and ease of understanding make mathematics a powerful tool for fostering scientific literacy and facilitating the dissemination of scientific knowledge to a broad audience.

In contemporary times, Bacon's insights continue to resonate in the scientific community and educational institutions. The integration of mathematics into various scientific disciplines and the emphasis on quantitative reasoning in research and academia reflect the enduring significance of mathematical knowledge in advancing scientific understanding. Moreover, efforts to promote STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education underscore the recognition of mathematics as a cornerstone of scientific inquiry and innovation.

In conclusion, Roger Bacon's quote encapsulates the intrinsic connection between mathematics and science, highlighting the indispensable role of mathematical thinking in advancing scientific knowledge. His observations about the innate understanding of mathematical concepts in humans and the universal accessibility of mathematical reasoning underscore the pervasive influence of mathematics in human cognition and scientific inquiry. As we continue to explore the frontiers of scientific discovery, the enduring relevance of mathematics as a fundamental tool for understanding the natural world remains indisputable.