Meaning: The quote by Arthur Keith highlights the paradoxical nature of war as an unethical process that has historically been used to unite people. Arthur Keith was a Scottish anatomist and anthropologist known for his work on the theory of evolution and his views on the role of warfare in human evolution. In this quote, he explores the idea that while war is inherently unethical and destructive, it has been employed throughout history as a means to unite and solidify groups of people.

War is often associated with violence, suffering, and loss, and its ethical implications have been a topic of debate for centuries. From a moral standpoint, the act of engaging in war and using force, terror, and propaganda to achieve certain goals can be seen as fundamentally unethical. The destruction and loss of life that accompany warfare are clear examples of the ethical complexities involved.

However, Keith suggests that despite its ethical shortcomings, war has been used as an evolutionary means to bring people together. Throughout history, communities and nations have often rallied around a common enemy or cause, using war as a means to solidify their identity and strengthen their unity. This process has been observed in various historical contexts, including the use of propaganda and nationalist rhetoric to mobilize entire populations behind a war effort.

The concept of "tribal whole" refers to the idea of a cohesive and unified group, bound together by shared values, beliefs, and identity. Keith argues that war, force, terror, and propaganda have been employed as evolutionary means to achieve this tribal unity. Despite the ethical implications of these methods, they have historically been effective in creating a sense of cohesion and common purpose among people.

It is important to note that Keith's perspective reflects a broader debate about the role of conflict in human history and evolution. Some scholars argue that warfare has played a significant role in shaping human societies, driving technological advancements, and influencing cultural and social dynamics. Others emphasize the detrimental impact of war on human societies and advocate for peaceful and ethical means of resolving conflicts.

In conclusion, Arthur Keith's quote captures the ethical complexities of war and its paradoxical role in uniting people. While war is inherently unethical and destructive, it has been used throughout history as a means to forge collective identity and unity. This perspective encourages critical reflection on the ethical implications of using war, force, terror, and propaganda as tools for achieving social cohesion and unity. It also prompts further exploration of the broader relationship between conflict, evolution, and human society.