Meaning: This quote by John Keynes, the renowned economist, delves into the concept of national fecundity and its potential impact on societal conventions. It suggests that the overwhelming growth in population within a nation could have a more significant role in breaking traditional norms and structures than the influence of ideas or the failings of authoritarian rule. To fully grasp the implications of this quote, it is essential to explore the context in which it was expressed and to analyze the concepts it encompasses.

John Maynard Keynes, often referred to as the father of modern macroeconomics, was a prominent figure in the field of economics during the 20th century. His theories and ideas have had a profound influence on economic policies and practices worldwide. Keynes was known for his groundbreaking work on the causes of economic depressions and his advocacy for government intervention to counteract economic downturns. However, his contributions extended beyond traditional economic theories, as evidenced by his commentary on broader societal issues, as reflected in the quote in question.

The term "national fecundity" refers to the fertility and reproductive capacity of a nation's population. In the context of Keynes' quote, it suggests the potential disruptive influence of rapid population growth on societal structures and norms. Historically, periods of rapid population growth have often been associated with significant societal changes, as the increased numbers of individuals can strain existing systems and challenge established practices.

Keynes' assertion that excessive national fecundity may have played a greater role in disrupting conventions than the power of ideas or the errors of autocracy is thought-provoking. It prompts consideration of the profound impact that demographic shifts can exert on the fabric of a society. This aligns with the concept of "demographic transition," which posits that as societies undergo demographic changes, including shifts in birth and death rates, they experience corresponding social and economic transformations.

One interpretation of Keynes' statement is that the sheer force of a rapidly expanding population, with its associated demands on resources and infrastructure, can lead to societal upheaval and the erosion of established norms. This upheaval may stem from the challenges posed by accommodating and providing for a burgeoning population within the existing social, economic, and political frameworks. As such, excessive national fecundity could act as a catalyst for societal change, disrupting traditional hierarchies and customs.

Moreover, the quote suggests that the power of ideas and the failings of autocracy, while influential in their own right, may be overshadowed by the sheer force of demographic pressures. Ideas, no matter how powerful, and autocratic errors, no matter how egregious, may struggle to contend with the sheer weight of a rapidly expanding population and the societal transformations it engenders. This perspective underscores the significance of demographic factors in shaping the trajectory of societies and highlights the potential for population dynamics to drive historical change.

In summary, John Keynes' quote offers a thought-provoking insight into the potential disruptive powers of excessive national fecundity on societal conventions. It prompts reflection on the complex interplay between demographic forces, ideas, and governance in shaping the evolution of societies. By considering the implications of Keynes' assertion, we gain a deeper understanding of the multifaceted influences that contribute to societal change and the intricate dynamics at play in the intersection of demographics, ideas, and governance.