Meaning: The quote, "The first point of wisdom is to discern that which is false; the second, to know that which is true," by Lactantius, encapsulates the essence of critical thinking and the pursuit of knowledge. Lactantius, an early Christian author and theologian, lived during the transition from the Roman Empire to the Christian Roman Empire in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. His works, including "Institutiones Divinae" (Divine Institutes), reflect his commitment to defending and promoting Christianity while engaging with the intellectual and philosophical currents of his time.

In this quote, Lactantius emphasizes the importance of discernment and the pursuit of truth as fundamental aspects of wisdom. The first point he raises, discerning that which is false, highlights the necessity of critical thinking and skepticism. It suggests that wisdom begins with the ability to differentiate between what is true and what is false, challenging assumptions and questioning received knowledge. This aligns with the broader philosophical tradition of epistemology, which concerns the nature of knowledge and the criteria for determining truth.

Moreover, Lactantius's emphasis on discerning falsehoods underscores the need for intellectual vigilance and the recognition of potential sources of error. In a world replete with misinformation and deceptive influences, the ability to discern falsehoods becomes essential for navigating one's intellectual and moral path. It also resonates with the contemporary challenges of misinformation and fake news, underscoring the enduring relevance of Lactantius's insight.

The second point of wisdom, as articulated by Lactantius, pertains to the pursuit of genuine knowledge and truth. Once falsehoods have been identified and set aside, the next step is to actively seek out and embrace that which is true. This pursuit aligns with the classical philosophical ideal of episteme, or true knowledge, which has been a central preoccupation of philosophers throughout history. It also reflects the Christian emphasis on truth as a foundational principle, as exemplified in the Gospel of John's proclamation, "You will know the truth, and the truth will set you free."

Lactantius's quote can be interpreted as a call to intellectual and moral responsibility. It encourages individuals to engage in critical inquiry, to question prevailing assumptions, and to seek out genuine understanding. In doing so, it promotes a mindset that is open to new insights and committed to the pursuit of truth. This resonates with the broader humanistic and intellectual tradition that values inquiry, reason, and the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake.

Furthermore, Lactantius's emphasis on discerning falsehoods and pursuing truth carries ethical implications. It suggests that wisdom is not merely a matter of intellectual acumen but also of moral integrity. The discernment of falsehoods implies a rejection of deceit and manipulation, while the pursuit of truth aligns with the ethical imperative to seek understanding and enlightenment. In this sense, Lactantius's quote can be seen as a moral exhortation, urging individuals to uphold the values of honesty, integrity, and intellectual sincerity.

In conclusion, Lactantius's quote encapsulates timeless insights into the nature of wisdom, knowledge, and moral discernment. By emphasizing the need to discern falsehoods and pursue truth, it offers a profound reflection on the intellectual and ethical dimensions of wisdom. In a world characterized by the proliferation of information and the challenges of truth-seeking, Lactantius's words continue to resonate, inviting individuals to cultivate a discerning and truth-seeking mindset as a foundational aspect of wisdom.