Meaning: This quote by Mikhail Bakunin, a Russian revolutionary and anarchist, encapsulates his belief in the necessity of overthrowing religious and theological authority in order to achieve freedom and equality on earth. Bakunin was a prominent figure in the 19th-century anarchist movement and a fierce critic of both political and religious hierarchies. His ideas on the liberation of individuals from the constraints of organized religion and the state have had a significant impact on anarchist and socialist thought.

Bakunin's assertion that the first revolt is against the "supreme tyranny of theology" reflects his view that the primary obstacle to human freedom and autonomy is the oppressive power of religious institutions and beliefs. He argues that the concept of an all-powerful deity, as perpetuated by theology, serves to subjugate individuals and perpetuate their servitude. In Bakunin's view, the idea of a divine master in heaven inevitably leads to the acceptance of earthly masters and the perpetuation of hierarchical structures that limit human potential and autonomy.

The phrase "phantom of God" conveys Bakunin's skepticism and rejection of the traditional understanding of God as an omnipotent and transcendent being. By characterizing the concept of God as a phantom, Bakunin challenges the legitimacy of divine authority and seeks to demystify the religious constructs that have been used to justify oppression and control. For Bakunin, the notion of a divine authority is illusory and serves as a tool for the subjugation of humanity.

The second part of the quote, "As long as we have a master in heaven, we will be slaves on earth," succinctly captures Bakunin's fundamental belief that the acceptance of divine authority perpetuates human subjugation. He argues that as long as individuals submit to the idea of a higher power ruling over them, they will remain subservient and oppressed in their earthly lives. This assertion reflects Bakunin's commitment to the liberation of individuals from all forms of domination, whether they be political, religious, or economic.

Bakunin's emphasis on the need to challenge religious authority as a prerequisite for achieving freedom on earth aligns with the broader anarchist critique of hierarchical power structures. Anarchism, as a political and social philosophy, seeks to abolish all forms of coercive authority, including those rooted in religious beliefs. Bakunin's quote underscores the anarchist insistence on individual autonomy and the rejection of external sources of domination, whether they emanate from the state or from religious institutions.

In conclusion, Mikhail Bakunin's quote reflects his staunch opposition to the supremacy of theology and the concept of a divine master. His assertion that liberation from earthly slavery necessitates the rejection of heavenly masters encapsulates his radical critique of religious authority and its role in perpetuating human oppression. Bakunin's ideas continue to inspire anti-authoritarian movements and provide a compelling perspective on the relationship between theology, power, and human freedom.