Meaning: The quote "Earlier ages fortified themselves behind the sovereign state, behind protectionism and militarism" by Christian Lange, a Norwegian politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, reflects the historical tendency of nations to prioritize national sovereignty, protectionism, and militarism as means of safeguarding their interests and security. This quote encapsulates the traditional approach of many states, particularly in earlier periods of history, where the emphasis was placed on building strong, autonomous nation-states that relied on protectionist economic policies and military strength to assert their power and defend against external threats.

In the context of international relations, the concept of the sovereign state refers to the idea of a self-governing political entity with full control over its internal and external affairs. Throughout history, the sovereign state has been a fundamental unit of the international system, and many nations have sought to fortify themselves behind this concept as a means of asserting their independence and autonomy. This often involved the pursuit of protectionist economic policies aimed at shielding domestic industries from foreign competition and promoting self-sufficiency. Additionally, the reliance on militarism, or the use of military power and preparedness, was a common strategy employed by states to deter potential aggressors and secure their territorial integrity.

The historical significance of fortifying behind protectionism and militarism can be observed in various periods and contexts. For instance, during the mercantilist era in Europe, many states pursued protectionist trade policies to amass wealth and strengthen their economies, often at the expense of other nations. This protectionist approach was driven by the belief that a nation's economic strength was essential for its security and prosperity. Likewise, the prevalence of militarism as a means of defense and expansion characterized numerous historical epochs, including the age of empires, colonialism, and the two world wars.

Christian Lange's quote sheds light on the enduring relevance of these historical tendencies and their impact on the development of international relations. It underscores the fact that earlier ages, driven by the imperative of self-preservation and power projection, often resorted to fortifying themselves behind the sovereign state, protectionism, and militarism. However, it is important to note that while these strategies may have been effective in certain historical contexts, they also contributed to conflicts, rivalries, and power struggles among nations.

In the contemporary era, the dynamics of international relations have evolved, and the traditional emphasis on fortifying behind protectionism and militarism has been subject to critique and reevaluation. The increasing interconnectedness of the global economy, the rise of international institutions, and the proliferation of multilateral diplomacy have prompted many states to reassess their approach to sovereignty, economic policies, and military strategies. There is a growing recognition of the importance of cooperation, diplomacy, and collective security measures in addressing common challenges such as climate change, terrorism, and pandemics.

In conclusion, Christian Lange's quote serves as a poignant reminder of the historical inclination of nations to fortify themselves behind the sovereign state, protectionism, and militarism. It encapsulates the enduring struggle for power, security, and autonomy that has shaped the course of international relations. While these historical tendencies have left a profound impact on the world, the contemporary era presents new opportunities for nations to embrace cooperative and inclusive approaches to address global challenges and build a more peaceful and prosperous future.