Meaning: This quote by Christian Lange, a Norwegian politician and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, encapsulates the idea that the traditional concept of the sovereign state, characterized by protectionism and militarism, is being challenged by the forces of internationalism. Lange argues that the notion of the state as a self-contained and independent entity, focused on protecting its own interests through trade barriers and military strength, is outdated and must be confronted by the principles of international cooperation and unity.

Lange's words are particularly significant in the context of the post-World War I and interwar period, during which he was active in international diplomacy. This era witnessed the breakdown of the traditional balance of power among sovereign states, as well as the emergence of new global challenges that highlighted the limitations of nationalistic and isolationist policies. Lange's call for internationalism to engage in a "decisive battle" against the concept of the sovereign state reflects the urgency of addressing these issues through collective action and cooperation on a global scale.

The concept of the sovereign state, rooted in the Westphalian system of international relations that emerged in the 17th century, emphasizes the autonomy and independence of individual states within the international system. This principle has been a defining feature of the modern nation-state, shaping the conduct of diplomacy, trade, and warfare. However, as Lange suggests, the traditional model of the sovereign state has faced increasing challenges in the face of interconnected global issues such as economic interdependence, environmental degradation, and the threat of armed conflict.

Protectionism, which involves the imposition of trade barriers and restrictions on foreign goods and services, is often seen as a reflection of a state's efforts to prioritize its own economic interests and shield domestic industries from external competition. While protectionist measures may initially offer short-term advantages to individual states, they can also lead to retaliatory actions by other countries, disrupt global trade, and hinder overall economic growth. Lange's critique of protectionism reflects the view that such policies can contribute to a fragmented and conflict-prone international system, undermining the potential for shared prosperity and cooperation.

Militarism, on the other hand, refers to the tendency of states to rely on military power and coercion as a means of asserting their interests and influence in the international arena. Historically, the pursuit of militaristic policies has often led to arms races, territorial disputes, and armed conflicts between states, with significant human and material costs. Lange's emphasis on the need to confront militarism aligns with the broader pacifist and anti-war sentiments that emerged in the aftermath of World War I, as well as the growing recognition of the destructive potential of modern warfare.

In contrast to the inward-looking and confrontational tendencies associated with protectionism and militarism, internationalism embodies a more outward-oriented and cooperative approach to addressing global challenges. Internationalism emphasizes the interconnectedness of nations and the need for collaboration in addressing common concerns, such as poverty, inequality, human rights abuses, and environmental degradation. By advocating for internationalism to engage in a "decisive battle" against the concept of the sovereign state, Lange underscores the transformative potential of a more inclusive and cooperative vision of global governance.

In conclusion, Christian Lange's quote underscores the ongoing tension between the traditional concept of the sovereign state, characterized by protectionism and militarism, and the imperative of internationalism as a means of addressing global challenges. The dynamics of the international system continue to reflect this tension, as states grapple with the complexities of an interconnected world and the need for collective action to address shared problems. Lange's words serve as a reminder of the ongoing relevance of these issues and the potential for internationalism to shape a more peaceful and cooperative future.