Meaning: The quote "Not only the bull attacks his enemies with curved horn, but also the sheep, when harmed fights back" by Sextus Propertius, a Roman poet of the Augustan age, reflects the idea that even the most docile and gentle creatures will defend themselves when threatened or harmed. This quote is often used to illustrate the concept of unexpected resilience and the capacity for even the meekest individuals to stand up for themselves when pushed to their limits.

Sextus Propertius, also known simply as Propertius, was a Latin elegiac poet of the Augustan age, born around 50 BCE in Assisi, Umbria, and living until around 15 BCE. He is best known for his four books of elegies, which depict the intensity and complexity of his love for a woman he calls Cynthia. His poetry is characterized by its emotional depth, vivid imagery, and exploration of the themes of love, passion, and the human experience.

In the context of this quote, Propertius likely intended to convey the idea that even those who are perceived as weak or passive are capable of defending themselves when provoked. The bull, known for its strength and aggression, is contrasted with the sheep, a symbol of gentleness and vulnerability. Despite their perceived differences in temperament and nature, both animals will fight back when threatened or harmed.

The underlying message of the quote can be interpreted in various ways. It could be seen as a metaphor for human behavior, suggesting that individuals who are typically mild-mannered or non-confrontational may still exhibit resilience and assertiveness when faced with adversity. Additionally, the quote may serve as a reminder that appearances can be deceiving, and one should not underestimate the determination and strength of those who are perceived as meek or passive.

Furthermore, the quote can be applied to broader social and political contexts, highlighting the idea that marginalized or oppressed groups are not inherently submissive and may rise up to defend themselves when pushed too far. It serves as a call to recognize the agency and resilience of individuals who are often underestimated or overlooked.

On a literary level, the quote exemplifies Propertius' skill in using vivid and evocative imagery to convey deeper truths about human nature and the world. His ability to encapsulate complex ideas in concise and memorable verses is a testament to his mastery of the elegiac form and his enduring legacy as a poet.

Ultimately, the quote "Not only the bull attacks his enemies with curved horn, but also the sheep, when harmed fights back" resonates across different contexts and continues to inspire contemplation on the complexities of human behavior, the resilience of the seemingly vulnerable, and the enduring relevance of ancient wisdom in understanding the human experience.