Meaning: The quote "No nation now sets forth to despoil another upon the avowed ground that it desires the spoils" by Elihu Root, a prominent lawyer and statesman, reflects on the changing nature of international relations and conflict. Elihu Root, who served as the Secretary of War and Secretary of State under President Theodore Roosevelt, was a key figure in shaping American foreign policy at the turn of the 20th century. His words capture a significant shift in the justifications and motivations for war and conquest that has occurred over time.

In the context of the quote, "despoil" refers to the act of plundering or robbing another nation of its resources, territory, or wealth. Root's assertion that no nation now engages in such actions on the avowed ground that it desires the spoils suggests a recognition of the evolution of international norms and the justifications used for military aggression. This statement can be interpreted as a reflection of the changing dynamics of warfare and the public justifications put forth by nations when engaging in conflict.

During the time period in which Elihu Root was active in public service, the world was witnessing significant changes in the nature of international relations. The era of imperialism and colonial expansion was giving way to new forms of diplomacy and international law. Root himself played a crucial role in shaping these changes through his advocacy for international arbitration and the establishment of institutions to regulate and mediate disputes between nations.

One possible interpretation of Root's quote is that he was highlighting the diminishing acceptance of overt territorial conquest and plunder as legitimate goals of war. Instead, nations were increasingly expected to adhere to principles of international law, diplomacy, and negotiated conflict resolution. This shift in mindset can be seen as a response to the growing interconnectedness of the global community and the recognition of the destructive consequences of aggressive expansionism.

Furthermore, Root's statement may also reflect a broader recognition of the changing motivations for conflict. While historical wars often had clear economic or territorial objectives, the increasing influence of ideological, political, and strategic factors in shaping international relations may have led to a reevaluation of the traditional justifications for war.

In the contemporary context, Root's words continue to hold relevance. The international community has seen a growing emphasis on multilateralism, diplomacy, and conflict resolution through peaceful means. The United Nations, established in the aftermath of World War II, represents a concerted effort to prevent the kind of aggressive territorial expansion and plunder that characterized earlier periods of history.

In conclusion, Elihu Root's quote encapsulates a significant shift in the justifications and motivations for war and conquest. It reflects an awareness of the changing norms and expectations in international relations, as well as the evolving motivations for conflict in the modern era. Root's words serve as a reminder of the importance of upholding principles of international law, diplomacy, and peaceful resolution of disputes in the pursuit of global stability and cooperation.