Meaning: The quote by Elihu Root, a prominent lawyer and statesman, delves into the complex and interconnected nature of civilization, barbarism, and the causes of war. Root suggests that in order to address the underlying causes of war, it is essential to acknowledge the inherent link between civilization and barbarism. Root's perspective provides a thought-provoking insight into the nature of conflict and the evolution of human society.

Civilization, as Root implies, is a transformative but imperfect departure from the state of barbarism. It represents a collective endeavor to establish order, governance, and societal norms. However, Root's characterization of civilization as "partial, incomplete, and superficial modification of barbarism" suggests that the vestiges of barbarism persist within the framework of civilization. This notion challenges the conventional view of civilization as a complete departure from primitive and violent tendencies, prompting a deeper examination of the roots of human behavior and societal dynamics.

In the context of addressing the true causes of war, Root's assertion underscores the importance of understanding the lingering influence of barbarism within the structures of civilization. While civilization has undoubtedly brought about advancements in governance, technology, and human rights, it has not entirely eradicated the underlying instincts and impulses that characterized the era of barbarism. These residual elements can manifest in various forms, such as nationalism, territorial disputes, and power struggles, which can ultimately lead to conflicts and wars.

Root's emphasis on acknowledging the interplay between civilization and barbarism in the context of war suggests that a comprehensive approach to conflict resolution must encompass a deep understanding of human nature, historical legacies, and the complexities of societal development. By recognizing the incompleteness of civilization's departure from barbarism, policymakers and scholars can gain a more nuanced perspective on the underlying causes of conflict, thereby paving the way for more effective and sustainable solutions.

Furthermore, Root's quote prompts an exploration of the ways in which the superficiality of civilization may contribute to the perpetuation of conflict. The veneer of civilization can sometimes mask underlying tensions, inequalities, and injustices, creating a facade of stability and progress while failing to address the root causes of societal discontent and unrest. This raises critical questions about the role of governance, social systems, and cultural narratives in perpetuating or mitigating the conditions that lead to war.

In conclusion, Elihu Root's quote encapsulates a profound insight into the intricate relationship between civilization, barbarism, and the causes of war. By highlighting the partial and superficial nature of civilization's departure from barbarism, Root challenges us to delve deeper into the complexities of human society and the enduring legacies of our collective history. His perspective serves as a compelling call to action for a more holistic approach to conflict resolution that acknowledges the multifaceted influences shaping the dynamics of war and peace.