Meaning: This quote by Robert Fortune, a renowned Scottish botanist and plant collector, describes a horticultural technique known as "zigzag training" or "serpentine training," which was commonly employed in the cultivation of certain plants, particularly fruit trees. The practice involves intentionally bending and shaping the main stem of a plant in a zigzag pattern in order to control the flow of sap and promote the growth of desired side branches.

In the context of horticulture, the "main stem" refers to the central, vertical axis of a plant, from which lateral branches and foliage emerge. By twisting the main stem into a zigzag form, gardeners and cultivators were able to manipulate the direction and distribution of sap within the plant. This process effectively restricted the upward flow of sap along the main stem, thereby diverting more nutrients and energy to the areas where the side branches were encouraged to develop.

The purpose of this technique was twofold. Firstly, by impeding the unrestricted flow of sap along the main stem, zigzag training aimed to promote the production of lateral branches at specific points along the stem. These side branches were strategically targeted to emerge in locations where they would contribute to the overall shape, balance, and productivity of the plant. By encouraging the growth of side branches in desired areas, cultivators could effectively shape the plant's canopy and optimize its fruit-bearing potential.

Secondly, the controlled manipulation of sap flow through zigzag training also served to regulate the vigor and growth patterns of the plant. By channeling more nutrients and resources into the development of lateral branches, the technique could help manage the overall size and structure of the plant, promoting a more compact and manageable form. This was particularly advantageous in the cultivation of fruit trees, where compact, well-distributed foliage could facilitate easier maintenance, harvesting, and pest control.

Robert Fortune's recognition of the benefits of zigzag training reflects his expertise in the field of horticulture and his understanding of plant physiology. As a scientist, botanist, and plant collector, Fortune made significant contributions to the study and cultivation of horticultural plants, particularly during his expeditions to Asia in the 19th century. His observations and practical insights into horticultural techniques, such as zigzag training, have had a lasting impact on the practices of plant cultivation and have contributed to the development of effective methods for shaping, training, and managing the growth of various horticultural species.

In conclusion, Robert Fortune's quote encapsulates the essence of zigzag training as a deliberate and effective horticultural practice aimed at shaping, controlling, and optimizing the growth of plants, particularly fruit trees. By understanding the principles behind this technique, cultivators and gardeners could harness the natural processes of plant physiology to achieve desired outcomes in terms of form, productivity, and manageability. Fortune's recognition of the significance of zigzag training underscores the importance of practical knowledge and innovation in the art and science of horticulture.